Tomato production using cogeneration, Lot-et-Garonne. © Oniflhor/Danielle Pouyade

With pollution from chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the drama of mad cows and dioxin, and uncertainty about GMOs (genetically modified organisms), modern agriculture is increasingly becoming the object of scrutiny, concern and criticism.

Meanwhile, the growers, their professional organizations and agronomic researchers continue to find new growing methods that attempt to reconcile the demands of economic competition, food requirements, product quality and respect for the environment.

There have been a number of advances, notably in the production of grains, sugar, plant protein sources, and wine, as well as market gardening and horticulture.