Neanderthal man (100,000 - 50,000 B.C.) created the first graves. Strewn flowers, sprinkled ochre and ornaments accompanying the dead are undeniable signs of symbolic behaviour. The act of burial weaves a link between the living and the dead, and offers continual reassurance of a hereafter.

Another symbolic activity of prehistoric man, cave art, represents animals and geometric symbols in secret and hidden places, often following the natural architecture of a cave. These decorated caves, that we presume to be sanctuaries, present an enigma to researchers. Did they have a particular social function? Were they used as religious spaces?


Bison head carved on a reindeer or horse bone
Found in the Campalou shelter, Saint-Nazaire-en-Royans (Drôme)
Magdalenian era (11,000 B.C.)
Collection of the Musée de Valence

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